Centella asiatica/ ספלילה/ Gotu Cola
מקורו של הצמח ברפואה האיורוודית – הרפואה ההודית המסורתית, שם הוא אחד מצמחי המרפא המובילים והשימושים בו רבים ומגוונים ביותר. אולם, מינים שונים שלו מוכרים גם ברפואה הסינית, ברפואה של ילידי אמריקה הצפונית ואף במסורת המקומית.
מחקרים מודרנים אשר התחקו אחר השימושים המסורתיים בצמח, העלו שפע רב של השפעות; הצמח תומך בשיפור מצב הרוח (1-2)ומשמש לתמיכה בקרב הסובלים מדכדוך ודיכאון (3-5) ולשם הפחתת תסמיני חרדה (6-11).
הצמח הראה השפעה מיטיבה על התפקוד הקוגנטיבי(12-15) הזיכרון והריכוז (16) והשפעה המגנה על מערכת העצבים מפני נזק חמצוני(17-20).
כמו כן הצמח תומך בשיקום רקמות(21) במגוון דרכים וצורות: מזרז החלמה של כוויות(22-24) פצעים (9) (25-28) והתאוששות לאחר ניתוחים (29-30). הוא תומך בטיפול במחלות עור שונות(31) כגון אוטופיק דרמטיטיס(32) ופסוריאזיס(33).
הוא נחשב למפחית הצטלקויות(34), תומך בשיקום הרקמות הריריות של הגוף(35-37), נוגד דלקת (38-42) מחזק את כלי הדם(45) מאזן ומוריד כולסטרול (46) וסוכר בדם (47-52) מפחית אלרגיה (42)) ונוגד חמצון (9,53,54).
ניתן לומר על הצמח בהשאלה מעולם המושגים הסיני, כי הצמח מזין את התמצית ומגן עליה מפני התכלות.
הצמח נחשב בטוח לשימוש אולם רצוי להימנע מנטילתו לצד מגוון תרופות המשפיעות על מערכת העצבים, כגון נוגדי דיכאון מסוג SNRI ותרופות הרגעה מסוג ברביטוראטים, ולהיזהר בשימוש לצד תרופות נוגדות פרכוסים.
מומלץ להימנע משימוש לצד תרופות מעכבות קרישה כדוגמאת קומדין.
ניתן לבדוק אינטראקציות בין צמחים לבין תרופות באתר
למען הסר ספק המידע אינו מהווה המלצה רפואית מוסמכת ואינו מיועד להנחות את הציבור או לשמש לגביו כהמלצה או הוראה או עצה לשימוש או שינוי או הורדה של תרופה כלשהי, ואין בו תחליף לייעוץ רפואי פרטני או אחר.
המונח ‘צמחי מרפא’ מתייחס להגדרה המקובלת ברפואת הצמחים המסורתית וברפואה המשלימה.
1. Positive modulation of cognition and mood in the healthy elderly volunteer following the administration of Centella asiatica. Jintanaporn Wattanathorn, Lugkana Mator, Supaporn Muchimapura, Terdthai Tongun, Orapin Pasuriwong, Nawanant Piyawatkul, Kwanchanok Yimtae, Bungorn Sripanidkulchai, Jintana Singkhoraard. s.l. : J Ethnopharmacol, 2008 .
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18191355/
2. Effects of Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. on cognitive function and mood related outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Panupong Puttarak, Piyameth Dilokthornsakul , Surasak Saokaew , Teerapon Dhippayom , Chuenjid Kongkaew , Rosarin Sruamsiri , Anchalee Chuthaputti , Nathorn Chaiyakunapruk. s.l. : Sci Rep, 2017.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28878245/
3. A psycho-neuropharmacological profile of Centella asiatica extract. Fitoterapia. Sakuna MR, Daniya PC. s.l. : Fitoterapia 1990.
https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/19910302121
4. Effect of total triterpenes from Centella asiatica on the depression behavior and concentration of amino acid in forced swimming mice. Yao Chen, Ting Han, Luping Qin, Yaocheng Rui, Hanchen Zheng. s.l. : Zhong Yao Cai, 2003.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15058206/
5. Antidepressant-like effect of asiaticoside in mice. Xin Liang, Yan Ni Huang, Si Wei Chen, Wen Juan Wang, Na Xu, Shan Cui, Xing Hua Liu, Hua Zhang, Yue Nan Liu, Shuang Liu, Ming Yang, Yan Dong. s.l. : Pharmacol Biochem Behav, 2008.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18325568/
6. A clinical study on the management of generalized anxiety disorder with Centella asiatica. U Jana, T K Sur, L N Maity, P K Debnath, D Bhattacharyya. s.l. : Nepal Med Coll J, 2010 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20677602/
7. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study on the effects of Gotu Kola (Centella asiatica) on acoustic startle response in healthy subjects. J Bradwejn, Y Zhou, D Koszycki, J Shlik. s.l. : J Clin Psychopharmacol, 2000.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11106141/
8. Anti-anxiety profile of manduk parni (Centella asiatica) in animals. Diwan, PrakashV.Diwan. s.l. : reserche gate, 1991.
https://eurekamag.com/research/007/023/007023431.php
9. Bone., Mills &. Principles and practice of Phytotherapy. Modern Herbal Medicine, 2ed. s.l. : Churchill Livingston, 2013.
https://www.elsevier.com/books/principles-and-practice-of-phytotherapy/9780443069925
10. Evaluation of anxiolytic properties of Gotukola--(Centella asiatica) extracts and asiaticoside in rat behavioral models. P Wijeweera, J T Arnason, D Koszycki, Z Merali. s.l. : Phytomedicine, 2006.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16488124/
11. Anxiolytic-like effect of asiaticoside in mice. Si Wei Chen, Wen Juan Wang, Wei Jing Li, Rui Wang, Yu Lei Li, Yan Ni Huang, Xin Liang. s.l. : Pharmacol Biochem Behav, 2006
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17059844/.
12. Effect of Centella asiatica on mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and other common age-related clinical problems. Sushma Tiwari, Shinjini Singh,Sangeeta GehlotKishor Patwardhan. s.l. : Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures, 2008.
13. Effectiveness of Gotu Kola Extract 750 mg and 1000 mg Compared with Folic Acid 3 mg in Improving Vascular Cognitive Impairment after Stroke. Kun Marisa Farhana, Rusdy Ghazali Malueka , Samekto Wibowo , Abdul Gofir. s.l. : Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2016.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27340413/
14. Comparison on Cognitive Effects of Centella Asiatica in Healthy Middle Age Female and Male Volunteers. Roxana omar dev, Suhaila Mohamed,Zarida Hambali,Bahaman Abu Samah. s.l. : reserche gate, 2008.
15. Centella asiatica accelerates nerve regeneration upon oral administration and contains multiple active fractions increasing neurite elongation in-vitro. Amala Soumyanath, Yong-Ping Zhong, Sandra A Gold, Xiaolin Yu, Dennis R Koop, Dennis Bourdette, Bruce G Gold. s.l. : J Pharm Pharmacol, 2005.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16105244/
16. Neuroprotective Effects of Centella asiatica against Intracerebroventricular Colchicine-Induced Cognitive Impairment and Oxidative Stress. Anil Kumar, Samrita Dogra, Atish Prakash. s.l. : Int J Alzheimers Dis, 2009.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20798885/
17. Recent Updates in Neuroprotective and Neuroregenerative Potential of Centella asiatica. Yogeswaran Lokanathan 1, Norazzila Omar , Nur Nabilah Ahmad Puzi , Aminuddin Saim , Ruszymah Hj Idrus. s.l. : Malays J Med Sci, 2016.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4975583/
18. Centella asiatica (L.) Urban: From Traditional Medicine to Modern Medicine with Neuroprotective Potential. Orhan, Ilkay Erdogan. s.l. : Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2012.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22666298/
19. Effect of Centella asiatica on pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling, cognition and oxidative stress in rats. Y K Gupta, M H Veerendra Kumar, A K Srivastava. s.l. : Pharmacol Biochem Behav, 2003.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12543222/
20. Effect of different extracts of Centella asiatica on cognition and markers of oxidative stress in rats. M H Veerendra Kumar 1, Y K Gupta. s.l. : J Ethnopharmacol, 2002.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11801389/
21. Centella asiatica in cosmetology. Wiesława Bylka, Paulina Znajdek-Awiżeń, Elżbieta Studzińska-Sroka, Małgorzata Brzezińska. s.l. : Postepy Dermatol Alergol, 2013.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24278045/
22. Clinical study of a new antikeloid agent. J P Bossé, J Papillon, G Frenette, J Dansereau, M Cadotte, J Le Lorier. s.l. : Ann Plast Surg, 1979.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/396846/
23. Identification of Major Active Ingredients Responsible for Burn Wound Healing of Centella asiatica Herbs. Fang Wu, Difei Bian, Yufeng Xia, Zhunan Gong, Qian Tan, Jiaojiao Chen, Yue Dai. s.l. : Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2012.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23346217/
24. Wound healing activities of different extracts of Centella asiatica in incision and burn wound models: an experimental animal study. Juraiporn Somboonwong, Mattana Kankaisre, Boonyong Tantisira, Mayuree H Tantisira. s.l. : BMC Complement Altern Med, 2012.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22817824/
25. Asiaticoside-induced elevation of antioxidant levels in healing wounds. A Shukla, A M Rasik, B N Dhawan. s.l. : Phytother Res, 1999.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10189951/
26. Modification of the kinetics of healing after iterative exeresis in the rat. Action of a triterpenoid and its derivatives on the duration of healing. A Poizot, D Dumez. s.l. : C R Acad Hebd Seances Acad Sci D, 1978 .
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/417867/
27. Effects of Centella asiatica extract on dermal wound healing in rats. L Suguna, P Sivakumar, G Chandrakasan. s.l. : Indian J Exp Biol, 1996.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9246912/
28. In vitro and in vivo wound healing activity of asiaticoside isolated from Centella asiatica. A Shukla, A M Rasik, G K Jain, R Shankar, D K Kulshrestha, B N Dhawan. s.l. : J Ethnopharmacol, 1999.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10350364/
29. Centella asiatica (Centellicum®) facilitates the regular healing of surgical scars in subjects at high risk of keloids. Roberto Cotellese, Shu Hu , Gianni Belcaro , Andrea Ledda , Beatrice Feragalli , Mark Dugall , Morio Hosoi , Edmondo Ippolito. s.l. : Minerva Chir, 2018.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29623705/
30. A Prospective Randomized, Controlled, Double-Blind Trial of the Efficacy Using Centella Cream for Scar Improvement. Kamonwan Jenwitheesuk, Porntip Rojsanga , Bowornsilp Chowchuen , Palakorn Surakunprapha. s.l. : Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2018.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30310413/
31. Centella asiatica in dermatology: an overview. Wiesława Bylka, Paulina Znajdek-Awiżeń, Elżbieta Studzińska-Sroka, Aleksandra Dańczak-Pazdrowska, Małgorzata Brzezińska. s.l. : Phytother Res, 2014.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24399761/
32. A randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled, half-side comparison with a herbal ointment containing Mahonia aquifolium, Viola tricolor and Centella asiatica for the treatment of mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis. W Klövekorn, A Tepe, U Danesch. s.l. : Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther, 2007.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18077922/
33. Effect of topical Hydrocotyle Asiatica in psoriasis. S Natarajan, P P Paily. s.l. : Indian J Dermatol, 1973.
34. A Prospective Randomized, Controlled, Double-Blind Trial of the Efficacy Using Centella Cream for Scar Improvement. Kamonwan Jenwitheesuk, Porntip Rojsanga , Bowornsilp Chowchuen , Palakorn Surakunprapha. s.l. : Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2018.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4777768/
35. The healing effects of Centella extract and asiaticoside on acetic acid induced gastric ulcers in rats. Chuen Lung Cheng, Jin Sheng Guo, John Luk, Marcel Wing Leung Koo. s.l. : Life Sci, 2004.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14987949/
36. Effects of plant extract Centella asiatica (Linn.) on cold restraint stress ulcer in rats. T K Chatterjee, A Chakraborty, M Pathak, G C Sengupta. s.l. : Indian J Exp Biol, 1992 .
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1293014/
37. Effect of Centella asiatica Linn on physical and chemical factors induced gastric ulceration and secretion in rats. K Sairam, C V Rao, R K Goel. s.l. : Indian J Exp Biol, 2001.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11480209/
38. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Titrated Extract of Centella asiatica in Phthalic Anhydride-Induced Allergic Dermatitis Animal Model. Ju Ho Park, Ji Yeon Choi , Dong Ju Son , Eun Kyung Park , Min Jong Song , Mats Hellström , Jin Tae Hong. s.l. : Int J Mol Sci, 2017.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28358324/
39. Anti-inflammatory effect of Centella asiatica phytosome in a mouse model of phthalic anhydride-induced atopic dermatitis. Park Ju Ho, Jang Jun Sung , Kim Ki Cheon , Hong Jin Tae. s.l. : Phytomedicine, 2018.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29747743/
40. MAD ointment ameliorates Imiquimod-induced psoriasiform dermatitis by inhibiting the IL-23/IL-17 axis in mice. Qiong OuYang, YaQian Pan , HanQiong Luo , ChunXiao Xuan , JinE Liu , Jun Liu. s.l. : Int Immunopharmacol, 2016.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27540765/
41. Centella asiatica ameliorates diabetes-induced stress in rat tissues via influences on antioxidants and inflammatory cytokines. Bubuya Masola, Oluwafemi O Oguntibeju , Ayodeji B Oyenihi. s.l. : Biomed Pharmacother, 2018.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29501767/
42. Anti-allergic, anti-pruritic, and anti-inflammatory activities of Centella asiatica extracts. Mathew George, Lincy Joseph, Ramaswamy. s.l. : Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med, 2009.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20606777/
43. Inhibition of LPS-induced NO and PGE2 production by asiatic acid via NF-kappa B inactivation in RAW 264.7 macrophages: possible involvement of the IKK and MAPK pathways. Kyung-Jin Yun, Ji-Yeon Kim, Jong-Bin Kim, Kyung-Won Lee, Seo-Young Jeong, Hee-Juhn Park, Hyun-Ju Jung, Young-Wuk Cho, Kijoo Yun, Kyung-Tae Lee. s.l. : Int Immunopharmacol, 2008.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18279797/
44. Antinociceptive activities and the mechanisms of anti-inflammation of asiatic Acid in mice. Shyh-Shyun Huang, Chuan-Sung Chiu, Hsien-Jung Chen, Wen-Chi Hou, Ming-Jyh Sheu, Ying-Chih Lin, Pei-Hsin Shie, Guan-Jhong Huang. s.l. : Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2011.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21584194/
45. Activity of Centella asiatica in venous insufficiency. M R Cesarone, G Laurora, M T De Sanctis, G Belcaro. s.l. : Minerva Cardioangiol, 1992.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1528498/
46. Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activity of asiatic acid in diabetic rats, role of HMG CoA: in vivo and in silico approaches. Vinayagam Ramachandran, Ramalingam Saravanan , Poomalai Senthilraja s. s.l. : Phytomedicine, 2014 .
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24075211/
47. Anti-hyperglycemic activity of Centella asiatica is partly mediated by carbohydrase inhibition and glucose-fiber binding. Ashraf Ul Kabir, Mehdi Bin Samad, Ninadh Malrina D'Costa, Farjana Akhter, Arif Ahmed, J M A Hannan. s.l. : BMC Complement Altern Med, 2014.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24438380/
48. Hypoglycaemic Activity of Centella Asiatica (L) Urb. CK Mutayabarwa, JGM Sayi, M Dande.
https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ecajps/article/view/9696
49. Evaluation of the Anti-diabetic Effect of Ethanolic and Methanolic Extracts of Centella asiatica Leaves Extract on Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats. P K Chauhan, I P Pandey, Vinod Kumar Dhatwalia. s.l. : Reaserchegate, 2009.
50. Antidiabetic effects of methanolic extract of Centella asiatica (Linn.) on induced hyperglycemic rats. Mastan, M. L. Venu Gopal Rao and S. A. s.l. : biotech-asia.
51. Anti-hyperglycemic activity of Centella asiatica is partly mediated by carbohydrase inhibition and glucose-fiber binding. Ashraf Ul Kabir, Mehdi Bin Samad, Ninadh Malrina D'Costa, Farjana Akhter, Arif Ahmed, J M A Hannan. s.l. : BMC Complement Altern Med, 2014.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24438380/
52. Asiatic acid mitigates hyperglycemia and reduces islet fibrosis in Goto-Kakizaki rat, a spontaneous type 2 diabetic animal model. Xue Wang 1, Qian Lu 1, Dong-Sheng Yu , Yu-Peng Chen , Jing Shang , Lu-Yong Zhang , Hong-Bin Sun , Jun Liu. s.l. : Chin J Nat Med, 2015.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26233843/
53. Anti-oxidant activity of Centella asiatica on lymphoma-bearing mice. G Jayashree, G Kurup Muraleedhara, S Sudarslal, V B Jacob. s.l. : Fitoterapia, 2003.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12837356/
54. Effect of Centella asiatica leaf powder on oxidative markers in brain regions of prepubertal mice in vivo and its in vitro efficacy to ameliorate 3-NPA-induced oxidative stress in mitochondria. George K Shinomol, Muralidhara. s.l. : Phytomedicine, 2008
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18539017/